Deep Eutectic Solvents as Catalysts for Upgrading Biomass

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising green solvents, due to their versatility and properties such high biodegradability, inexpensiveness, ease of preparation negligible vapor pressure. Thus, DESs been used sustainable media catalysts in many chemical processes. On the other hand, lignocellulosic biomass an abundant source renewable carbon has received ample interest for production biobased chemicals. In this review, state art catalytic use upgrading biomass-related substances towards biofuels value-added chemicals is presented, gap knowledge indicated direct future research.